EnglishEnglishGynecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue caused by hormonal imbalance, weight gain, genetics, medications, or puberty-related changes. It may occur on one or both sides and can lead to aesthetic concerns, self-esteem issues, and sometimes tenderness or sensitivity.
The most common cause is hormonal imbalance between testosterone and estrogen. Other contributing factors include:
A proper medical evaluation is essential to determine the underlying cause and create an appropriate treatment plan.
Not all cases require surgery. Puberty-related gynecomastia often resolves on its own. Surgery is recommended for individuals who experience permanent breast enlargement, asymmetry, difficulty choosing clothes, or psychological discomfort. Healthy adult men with realistic expectations are the best candidates.
The goal of surgery is to remove excess fat and/or glandular tissue to create a flatter, firmer, and more masculine chest contour. Depending on the type of gynecomastia, different techniques may be used:
The technique is determined after clinical examination and imaging if necessary.
Gynecomastia surgery is generally performed under general anesthesia. In smaller, liposuction-dominant cases, local anesthesia with sedation may be used. The anesthesiologist and surgeon decide the appropriate method.
The surgery typically takes 1–2 hours depending on the technique used. Most patients can go home the same day, although some may stay overnight depending on the procedure's extent.
Mild pain, tightness, swelling, and bruising are normal in the first few days. These symptoms improve quickly with prescribed medication. A compression garment helps reduce swelling and supports the new chest contour. Most patients return to daily activities within 3–7 days. Full recovery takes 1–3 months.
Incisions are usually placed around the areola or in hidden natural folds. If only liposuction is performed, the tiny incisions are barely noticeable over time. Total scar-free results are not possible, but with proper care, scars fade significantly.
Possible risks include infection, bleeding, seroma (fluid accumulation), asymmetry, over- or under-correction, sensory changes, healing problems, and anesthesia-related complications. When performed by an experienced surgeon under proper clinical conditions, risks are minimal.
Heavy exercise and chest-focused workouts should be avoided for 1–2 weeks. Light walking is allowed after a few days. Moderate exercise usually resumes after 3–4 weeks, while intense workouts and contact sports require 6–8 weeks with surgeon approval.
Fat and glandular tissues removed during surgery do not grow back. As long as hormonal balance remains stable and significant weight gain or medication-related issues do not occur, results are long-lasting.
Patients should inform their surgeon about their medical history, medications, smoking or alcohol use. Smoking should be stopped several weeks before surgery to improve healing. Blood tests and imaging help determine the correct surgical plan.
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